Society for Sustainable Living in the Slovak Republic (STUŽ/SR)
TOWARDS SUSTAINABLE SLOVAKIA
National study in the framework of FOEE Sustainable Europe Campaign 

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY, SUMMARIZING  TABLES

Table I: National use of resources (1990), environmental space, reduction target for 2010 and reduction quota for 2010
Resource Present use per cap/year Environ-mental 
Space (Per cap)		 Change needed  (%) Target 2010 cap/year Target 
2010 (%)
CO2  emissions (*1) 11,0 t 1,7 GJ -85 5,4 t/cap/year -51
Primary energy use (*2) 178,4 GJ 60 GJ -66 90,4 EJ/year -49
Fossil Fuels (*2) 147,4 GJ 25 GJ -83 80,6 EJ/year -45
Nuclear (*3) 26,6 GJ 0 GJ -100 0 EJ/year -100
Renewables (*4) 2,1 GJ 35 GJ +1566 9,9 EJ/year +356
Non-renewable raw materials
Cement (*2) 754 kg 80 kg -89,4 527,8 kg/cap/year -30
Pig iron (*2) 672 kg 36 kg -94,6 456,96 kg/cap/year -32
Aluminium (*2) 5,68 kg 1,2 kg -79 4,15 kg/cap/year -27
Chlorine(liquid) (*5) 3,54 kg 0 kg -100 0 kg/cap/year -100
Chlorine(gaseous) (*5) 23,14 kg 0 kg -100 11,67 kg -50
Land use 0,9297 ha - - 0,9263 ha -0,37
Built-up area (*6) 0,0243 ha 0,0513 ha reserve 0,0513 ha reserve
Inland waters (*2) 0,0179 ha - - 0,0179 ha 0
Protected Area(*2) (*7) 0,047 ha 0,093 +97,9 0,0926 ha +97,9
Unprotected  Wooded 
Area (*2) (*8)		 0,3299 ha 0,296 ha -10,3 0,3239 ha -10,3
Arable area (*2) 0,2861 ha 0,1 ha -10 0,2861 ha 0
Pasture land (*2) 0,1048 ha 0,09 ha 0 0,1048 ha 0
Wood (*2) 0,99 m**3 0,56 m**3 -44,4 0,56 m**3/cap/year -10
Groundwater 97,4 m**3 - -12 85,7 m**3 -12
Surface water 256 m**3 - -12 225,3 m**3 -12
Sources:
*1 - for the year 1990 (Source: The First National Communication on Climate Change (Ministry of Environment et al. 1995)
*2 - for the year 1990 (Source: Statistical Yearbook of the Slovak Republic, 1994)
*3 - for the year 1990 (Source: Energetická koncepcia pre Slovenskú republiku do roku 2005, Ministry of Economy, 1991)
*4 - for the year 1991 (Source: Energy Sector of Slovakia, EC Energy Centre Bratislava,  1994)
*5 - Slovak Statistic Office, 1995

Poznamky:
*6 - 1993.
*7 - National Parks and State nature reserves
*8 - Forest area minus area of National parks and State nature reservesotes:
          - Other values of present use are for the year 1990

Table II: Sustainability matrix: a realistic proposal for the reduction of resources used per sector taking into account intrasectoral and intersectoral changes
SLOVAKIA 
National targets for resource use in 2010		 WATER ENERGY CEMENT PIG IRON 
(*2)		 ALUMINIUM CHLORINE LAND USE WOOD (*2)
National targets for resource use in 2010 -15% -49% -30% -32% 
(+20% domestic 
use 
-80% export)		 -27% -100% (liquid) 
-50%(gaseous)		 (*3) -10% 
(+20% domestic 
use 
-50% export
Agriculture 0% -5% -50% -30% +10% -75% -10% 0%
Energy supply  -20% -10% -25% -25% -20% (*3) (*3) +25%
Transport (*1) 0% 0% +25% 0% +30% (*3) (*3) +25%
Industry 
- TOTAL 
- chemicals 
- paper 
- steel		 -20% -25% -25% -30% +10% -75% (*3) +20%
Construction 0% -3% -25% 0% +10% (*3) (*3) +25%
Service +20% -4% +25% +10% +20% -75% (*3) +20%
Tourism,sport +20% 0% 0% 0% +20% -75% (*3) +20%
Households -20% +2% 0% 0% +20% -75% (*3) +20%
Notes:
*1 - Including highways  constructions
*2 - Reduction of export
*3 - Is not relevant
4 - Figures are only a very rough estimations.
5 - It is a result of something like compromise between possible sustainable alternative and vallues derived from the official sectorial strategies
6 - In many cases no exact data are available
7 - More detail explanation see in written part

Comments:
The key problem is understanding of realistic proposal of resources consumption reduction. Unfortunately, it is not clearly defined problem not only in the national study, but although in the whole "Sustainable Europe Campaign". We can distinguish at least 4 possibilities of understanding the expression "realistic" in this context /in a certain sence contradictory/:

  1. Coming up from prolongation of existing trends.
  2. Realistic from aspect of reduction intention, declared /but usually only declared/ in official development documents /governmental or sectorial/.
  3. Realistic from aspect of alternative proposals, coming up especially from NGOs.
  4. Coming up from recommendations of the "Sustainable Europe Campaign".
Table II shows the compromise among foregoing scenarios. More effective would be  separate elaboration of particular scenarios. In some branches, e.g. energy/energetics  the scenario could be elaborated more or less on basis of existing knowledge and accessible data. In other areas, /e.g. development of using particular commodities in different industrial branches / are missing input data of contemporaneous use /e.g. cement consumption in particular industrial branches/.

Finally, we can state fundamental difference between existing and the majority of new approved development concepts and real "reduction potential" of use of the environmental space in Slovakia. Without clarifying the fact, whether we speak of reality according to contemporaneous government /governments/ or the reality of alternative proposals /including the claims of the Friends of the Earth's campaign/  we cannot achieve trustworthy or even internationally comparable values.