UN Conference on the Environment and Development (UNCED) held in Rio de Janeiro in June 1992 has adopted five key documents including the Rio Declaration, Agenda 21, the Convention on Biological Diversity, the Framework Convention on Climate Changes and othe Forest Principleso. From them apparently the Convention on Biodiversity has proven to be the most important and furthermore, it is being recognized as one of the most important international legally binding documents ever constructed. To date 166 countries have joined the Convention. The three goals of the Convention are to promote the conservation of biodiversity, the sustainable use of its components, and the fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising from the utilization of genetic resources. Primarily the governments are responsible for its implementation, however, the role of  NGOs, local communities and indigenous people is clearly recognized and increasing. The most active NGO groups have organized themselves as a Global Biodiversity Forum and represent an active and professional driving force for the implementation of the Convention. They have become irreplaceable guards for the preservation of the  diversity of life on  earth.