Navrat - Zivotne prostredie - cislo 1/1998
Z d r o j: Nazov casopisu: Zivotne prostredie Rocnik: 1998, Cislo: 1 Vydavatel: Ustav krajinnej ekologie SAV Bratislava +Biosfericke rezervacie a ich regionalne aspekty++ Program Clovek a biosfera (Man and the Biosphere) je najstarsim vedeckym programom UNESCO. Jeho hlavnou ulohou je rozvinut v ramci prirodnych a socialno-ekonomickych vied zakladnu na racionalne vyuzivanie prirodnych zdrojov biosfery a zlepsit vztah medzi clovekom a zivotnym prostredim. Sucasne aktivity programu MaB maju zabezpecit prehlbenie vedomosti o ochrane ekosystemov a biologickej roznorodosti a nasledujuce efektivne trvalo udrzatelne vyuzivanie prirodnych zdrojov v tychto uzemiach. Tym vyrazne ovplyvnuju a formuju aj zivot v prislusnych regionoch. Aktivity programu Clovek a biosfera su na Slovensku sustredene na 4 uzemia biosferickych rezervacii: Slovensky kras, Polana, Vychodne Karpaty a Tatry (Vysoke). V Cechach je v sucasnosti tychto uzemi 6. Vedecke projekty MaB sa sustreduju hlavne na studium lesnych, travnych, vysokohorskych a sladkovodnych ekosystemov, ekotonov, na studium vyvoja krajiny, socialne problemy, ekonomicke aktivity a na vedecku vychovu. Vyuzitim vysledkov vedeckych vyskumov sa sleduju 3 ciele: . Zachovanie a trvale vyuzivanie biologickej roznorodosti. . Kvalifikovane planovanie a manazment prirodnych zdrojov krajiny. . Podpora kulturnej a etickej stranky udrzatelneho rozvoja uzemia. Biosfericke rezervacie UNESCO by mali byt, a v mnohych krajinach aj su, uzemiami, kde mozno vdaka podpore statnych organov, ale aj miestneho obyvatelstva, demonstrovat sulad ochrany prirody s jej vyuzivanim a hospodarskymi aktivitami. V nasej krajine su bezpochyby vedecke aktivity dominantnym prvkom, ktory vyznamne ovplyvnil stupen, ale hlavne rozsah poznania o prirodnych danostiach uzemi biosferickych rezervacii. Vyuzitie vysledkov vedeckych vyskumov v manazerskej praxi vsak nie je na uspokojivej urovni. Nedostatocne personalne zabezpecenie, ako aj nedostatok financnych a materialnych prostriedkov na realizovanie niektorych casti akcnych planov, ako i mnohe administrativno-legislativne problemy stazuju realizaciu strategie BR. V niektorych krajinach je kategoria biosfericka rezervacia pojata do zakonnych ustanoveni a pozicia BR v systeme uzemneho clenenia je vynimocna. Na tuto poziciu sa obycajne viaze aj vsestranne preferovana podpora. Podobnej podpore sa tesi vacsina BR v Ceskej republike. Z prispevkov, ktore pripravili spravcovia slovenskych biosferickych rezervacii UNESCO, sa dozvieme o konkretnych problemoch, ktore su z ich pohladu najvacsie a stazuju az znemoznuju uplatnovanie zasad a odporucani UNESCO. V celosvetovej sieti biosferickych rezervacii styri slovenske neznamenaju vela. Su to vsak uzemia, ktore reprezentuju nasu krajinu, jej vynimocne prirodne hodnoty a ich vyuzivanie clovekom. Vyhlasenim tychto uzemi za biosfericke rezervacie UNESCO sa stali castami slovenskej krajiny, o ktorych svet vie, a su tak ciastocne aj jeho vlastnictvom. +Julius Oszlanyi++ +Biosphere Reserves and their regional aspects++ The program Man and the Biosphere (MaB) is the oldest scientific program of the UNESCO. Within the frame of natural and socio-economic sciences its main task is to develop the base for rational utilization of natural resources of the biosphere and to improve the relation between man and the environment. Present activities of the program MaB are to ensure broadening of knowledge on protection of ecosystems and biological diversity as well as effective sustainable utilization of natural resources in these areas. That way life is also significantly influenced and formed in corresponding regions. The MaB activities in Slovakia are focused to four biosphere reserves: Slovensky kras, Polana, Vychodne Karpaty and High Tatra Mts. In the Czech Republic there are six similar areas. Scientific projects of the MaB program concentrate mainly to the study of forest, grass, high mountains and fresh water ecosystems, ecotones, study of landscape evolution, social problems, economic activities and scientific education. By application of scientific investigation the three objectives are followed: . Conservation and sustainable utilization of biological diversity, . Qualified planning and management of natural resources, . Support of cultural and ethical viewpoints of sustainable development of landscape. The UNESCO biosphere reserves ought to be (and in many countries they also are) areas where - due to the support of state administration, as well as local population - the harmony of nature protection, its utilization and economic activities can be demonstrated. In our country the scientific activities have significantly influenced the level and extent of knowledge of natural settings of the biosphere reserves. The application of results of scientific research in management practice is not satisfactory. Insufficient personal conditions, as well as a lack of financial and material support for realization of certain parts of action plans, as well as several administrative-legislative problems render difficult realization of the biosphere reserve strategy. In several countries the category of biosphere reserve is included to legislation and position of the biosphere reserves in the system of territorial administrative units is exceptional. This position reflects also general support. In the Czech Republic the majority of biosphere reserves get assistance at that level. From the contributions prepared by the administrators of Slovak UNESCO biosphere reserves we get knowledge of concrete and most serious problems that make more difficult, if even impossible, to apply UNESCO measures and recommendations. In the world network of biosphere reserves the four Slovak ones do not mean much. However, from the viewpoint of unique natural conditions and land utilization they represent our country. By declaring these areas as UNESCO biosphere reserves they became a part of Slovak landscape that is world-wide known and which also became to be partly also its property. +Julius Oszlanyi++ Z d r o j: Nazov casopisu: Zivotne prostredie Rocnik: 1998, Cislo: 1 Vydavatel: Ustav krajinnej ekologie SAV Bratislava |
Navrat - Zivotne prostredie - cislo 1/1998